ITF与属会参与联合国会议 要求公平对待海员
ITF joins affiliate unions in Geneva to demand fair treatment of seafarers
来自世界各地的工会参加国际劳工组织(ILO) 和国际海事组织(IMO)会议，为寻求措施打击海员遭刑事定罪和不公平待遇。 Trade unions from around the world join ILO and IMO meeting to advance measures to combat seafarer criminalisation and unfair treatment.
海员必须得到公平对待，不应被不公义的刑事定罪或遭受不公平待遇──这是聚集在日内瓦的团体，共同向世界各国政府传达的讯息。
Seafarers must be treated fairly and not subjected to unjust criminalisation or unfair treatment – that is the message that was delivered to governments from around the world gathered in Geneva.
国际运输工人联盟 (ITF) 与全球多国海员工会组织，一同参与国际劳工组 (ILO) – 国际海事组织(IMO) 三方联合工作小组就确立和解决海员问题和人为因素的第三次会议。
The International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) joined global seafarers’ union affiliates at the ‘Third meeting of the Joint ILO–IMO Tripartite Working Group to Identify and Address Seafarers’ Issues and the Human Element’.
会议的具体目的是讨论并通过《公平对待因涉嫌犯罪而被拘留海员的指南》。
The meeting had the specific aim of discussing and adopting ‘Guidelines on the fair treatment of seafarers detained on suspicion of committing crimes’.
ITF海员分部主席兼北美海员国际联盟主席David Heindel表示：「我们一次又一次地看到海员被当作罪犯看待，未经审判就遭关押数月，没有犯罪却被判刑。」
“Time and again, we have seen cases where seafarers are treated like criminals, held for months on end without trial and given sentences for crimes they didn’t commit,” said Seafarers’ Section Chair and President of the Seafarers International Union of North America, David Heindel.
「这些都是严重侵犯人权的行为，必须予以谴责，以结束这种令人震惊的海员无理被定罪行为。」
“These are gross human rights abuses, and they must be called out as such so that this appalling criminalisation of seafarers ends.”
ITF一直在推动加强海员的保护框架，理由是全球陆续发生海员不公平被定罪和不平等待遇，以及海员被判刑和拘留的广泛问题，无论是因海事事故、非法货物还是环境污染案件。
The ITF has consistently lobbied for a strengthening of frameworks protecting seafarers, citing the global nature of unjust seafarer criminalisation and unfair treatment, and the wide range of issues for which seafarers are increasingly criminalised and detained, whether maritime accidents, illicit cargo or pollution infringements.
今年9月，一艘停泊土耳其港口的船上被揭发藏毒，两名海员因而被判处30年监禁。两人已被还押一年，尽管没有证据显示任何不当行为，但他们还是被判刑。
In September this year, two seafarers were sentenced to 30 years’ imprisonment after drugs were found on a vessel docked in Turkey. The pair, who had already spent a year in remand prison, had their sentence handed down despite no evidence of wrongdoing.
当时，ITF克罗地亚属会秘书长Neven Melvan称这决定「令人愤慨」，并是「对海员所做的事情完全缺乏理解和尊重」的表现。
At the time, General Secretary of ITF affiliate, the Croatian Seafarers’ Union, Neven Melvan, called the decision “outrageous” and showing “a complete lack of understanding and respect for what seafarers do”.
在航运业正面临全球招聘和人才流失危机之际，在保护海员免遭刑事定罪和不公平待遇方面，却持续未能取得进展。
The ongoing failure to protect seafarers from criminalisation and unfair treatment comes at a time when the maritime industry is facing a global recruitment and retention crisis.
「众所周知，业内目前正面临招聘和人才流失危机。」海事组织Nautilus International秘书长兼该会ILO海员代表发言人Mark Dickinson表示，「部分海员在被证明无罪之前已经被认为是有罪的，他们的基本权利被剥夺，这对外界发出了一个可怕的信息，会危及我们海运业的未来，甚至破坏全球供应链的复苏能力。」
“It’s well known that right now the industry is facing a recruitment and retention crisis,” said Nautilus International General Secretary and Seafarers’ spokesperson at the ILO, Mark Dickinson. “Seafarers are too often considered guilty until proven innocent, denied their fundamental rights, and this sends a terrible message which risks the future of our maritime industry and undermines the resilience of global supply chains.”
国际海事组织（IMO）和国际劳工组织（ILO）的新指南旨在确保「根据港口或沿海国的法律，因涉嫌犯罪而被拘留的海员，在当局的任何调查和拘留期间都会受到公平对待，且拘留时间不会过长」。此准则承认海员的独特角色，而且因航运业全球运营性质，意味海员跨越不同的司法管辖区域，与当局接触时更需要「特殊保护」。
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) new Guidelines are intended to ensure that, “seafarers detained on suspicion of committing a crime are treated fairly during any investigation and detention by public authorities, and that detention is for no longer than necessary, in accordance with the laws of the port or coastal states”. They acknowledge the unique role of seafarers and that, due to the global operations of the shipping industry which means seafarers traverse different jurisdictions, they need “special protection” when it comes to contact with public authorities.
新指南还：
The new Guidelines also:
• 指定港口和沿海国、船旗国、船东和海员国籍国的不同责任,以公平对待因涉嫌犯罪而被拘留的海员。
Set out the different responsibilities to treat seafarers fairly when detained on suspicion of committing crimes: for port and coastal states, flag states, shipowners and the state of which the seafarer is a national.
• 为海员提供支援，包括获得领事服务、法律援助，并明确指出调查期间非拘留措施的重要性。
Provide support towards seafarers, including access to consular services, legal assistance, and specify the importance of non-custodial measures during an investigation.
• 强调海员享有基本人权，以及尊重海员和维护其尊严的必要性。
Emphasise the enjoyment of fundamental human rights for seafarers, and the need to treat seafarers with respect and dignity at all times.
• 呼吁加强船旗国、海员国籍国、海员被调查或拘留的港口国以及船东和海员代表之间的合作。
Call for the strengthening of co-operation between flag states, the states of nationality of seafarers, the port state where the seafarers are investigated or detained, and also with ship owners and seafarers’ representatives.
• 同意海员需要了解自己犯罪的风险，以及他们最终面临调查或拘留时可以采取的选择。
Agree that seafarers need to be made aware of the risks of incriminating themselves, and the options available should they end up in a situation where they are investigated or detained.
ITF 关于海员刑事定罪的工具包现已推出，请参考: https://shorturl.at/0alZv
The ITF toolkit on seafarer criminalisation is available https://shorturl.at/0alZv .
来源（resource）：https://www.itfseafarers.org/en/news/itf-joins-affiliate-unions-geneva-demand-fair-treatment-seafarers
